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SCI Levels/Function Chart
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Segmental spinal Cord level and Function |
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Level |
Function |
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Cl-C6 |
Neck flexors |
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Cl-T1 |
Neck extensors |
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C3, C4, C5 |
Supply diaphragm |
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C5, C6 |
Shoulder movement, raise arm (deltoid); flexion of elbow (biceps); C6 |
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externally rotates the arm (supinates) |
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C6, C7, C8 |
Extends elbow and wrist (triceps and wrist extensors); pronates wrist |
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C7, C8, Tl |
Flexes wrist |
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C8, Tl |
Supply small muscles of the hand |
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Tl -T6 |
lntercostals and trunk above the waist |
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T7-Ll |
Abdominal muscles |
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Ll, L2, L3, L4 |
Thigh flexion |
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L2, L3, L4 |
Thigh adduction |
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L4, L5, S1 |
Thigh abduction |
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L5, S1 S2 |
Extension of leg at the hip (gluteus maximus) |
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L2, L3, L4 |
Extension of leg at the knee (quadriceps femoris) |
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L4, L5, S1, S2 |
Flexion of leg at the knee (hamstrings) |
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L4, L5, S1 |
Dorsiflexion of foot (tibialis anterior) |
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L4, L5, S1 |
Extension of toes |
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L5, S1, S2 |
Plantar flexion of foot |
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L5, S1, S2 |
Nexion of toes |
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Number of New Injuries per Year
32 injuries per million population or
7800 injuries in the US each year
Total number of people with Spinal Cord Injury
Current estimates are 250,000 - 400,000 individuals living with Spinal Cord Injury or Spinal Dysfunction.
- 82% male, 18% female
- Highest per capita rate of injury occurs between ages 16-30
- Average age at injury - 33.4
- Median age at injury - 26
- Mode (most frequent) age at injury 19
Causes of Spinal Cord Injury
- Motor vehicle accidents (44%)
- Acts of violence (24%)
- falls (22%)
- sports (8%) (2/3 of sports injuries are from diving)
- other (2%)
Falls overtake motor vehicles as leading cause of injury after age. 45
Acts of violence and sports cause less injuries as age increases.
Acts of violence have overtaken falls as the second most common source of spinal cord injury in the last 4 years.
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